Defining characteristics for new wave of MLS soccer-specific stadiums

What defines the next set of MLS soccer-specific stadiums? The architect discusses with Tim Newcomb.

Author:
Tim Newcomb
Publish date:
Sep 4, 2015

Orlando City has crews building one. D.C. has one in planning, with a site and funding in place. David Beckham hunts for a place to build his in Miami. Even Minnesota has architects sharpening pencils in preparation for that team’s version. They all want something more than just a soccer-specific stadium. They want in on the second wave of MLS soccer-specific venues, a style that boasts new amenities, supporter-section specialties, style and ample fan experiences.

“Soccer is on the tipping point and the facilities are starting to reflect that,” Bruce Miller, Populous architect and designer of the new MLS venues in Orlando, D.C. and Minnesota, tells SI.com.

Up to 2010 simply building a soccer-specific venue was a sort of coup. Columbus is still revered for building the first in 1999. Soon Los Angeles, Dallas, Chicago and others followed with the specificity. But many of the first eight to 10 venues were a focus on pragmatism, constructing a certain number of seats for the lowest cost possible, which often included building on land outside of the urban core. Not much more than bleacher stadiums with small video boards—if video boards existed at all—clustered sound systems and little to no canopies.

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But as MLS has found its feet, signed a more lucrative TV deal and started attracting new talent, “all of that is coming together at a time where stadiums start offering more of an experience,” Miller says.

Whether Portland’s complete remodel of Providence Park into a hybrid of 100-year-old history and modern American soccer culture or the pristine venue that is Sporting Park in Kansas City, Kansas, the second wave of soccer-specific venues is proving to be better than the first.

And the wave continues.

“The experience doesn’t start at game time, it starts when people leave work, meet their friends at a pub or restaurant, kick a soccer ball, play music and then march to the match to their seats,” Miller says. That’s why planning for a new Orlando stadium started with the march to the match, a powerful experience, whether in Orlando or Seattle or many different MLS locales.

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This new focus on experiences includes fresh designs, from club seats to canopies. Look to Sporting Park, where the decision to put a canopy in place wasn’t taken lightly, but its addition not only shelters fans from the Midwest weather, but helps to reflect noise back onto the pitch, retaining the "soundtrack for the game” provided by the 2,000 supporters in the end zone, David Ficklin, Sporting KC vice president of development, tells SI.com.

These canopies come with a cost, which Miller says could be between 8 and 15% of the building’s total construction price tag, but the payout reaps the rewards, he says. And teams with them adore them, from Kansas City to Portland to San Jose to Philadelphia.

“The canopy creates a sense of enclosure to the building,” Miller says. “It intensifies the fan experience. Soccer is different where the fans create the experience and the megaphone that is the supporters section drives the energy in the building.”

As Ficklin says, “Every true soccer stadium needs a canopy.”

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But more than weather and noise retention, canopies offer designers the chance to position lights closer to the field—Ficklin says this fact helps his stadium look sharp in person and on television—install a differentiated sound system instead of one with a cluster of speakers in one corner and get needed technological receivers directly over the fans.

All these seemingly small additions add up to a premium experience, one American sports fans have grown accustomed to. Miller brings up a good point when talking about the soccer-specific building.

Critiquing every MLS uniform, head to toe

New York City FC

New York City FC took some heat for its sky blue home shirt, which looks a whole lot like the one worn by parent/sister club Manchester City. But an homage was inevitable, and NYCFC has differentiated itself from MCFC, and the rest of MLS, with the white shorts and socks. It’s a sharp look. The away kit, highlighted by a flash of orange (from the city flag) at the neck and five stripes you can barely see that "represent the five boroughs of New York City," is lazy. With a blank template, NYCFC should’ve come up with something other than the mono-black already worn in D.C. and Columbus.

LA Galaxy

After several overhauls—LA wore black and teal, then teal and yellow, then yellow and green—the Galaxy’s white and blue brand has taken root. Three championships in four years certainly help. The sash on the home uniform, re-introduced in 2012, has quickly become iconic, and, along with the socks, helps make this all-white kit stand out. The new secondary set maintains the same feel as its recent predecessors. The yellow accents look sharp, but we can’t help but feel a white or yellow sash would tie the uniforms and brand together.

Chicago Fire

Of the four MLS teams with an all-red home uniform (that’s 20 percent of the league), the Fire were first. They’re the “Men in Red,” after all. But Chicago began veering away from its traditional look in 2012. First the famous white hoop became blue. Then last year, the blue expanded to the chest and shoulders. It doesn’t look bad, but it doesn’t seem right, either. The new away kit is another all-white offering. But at least designers put a bit of thought into this one. The thin, light blue hoops on the shirt and socks, intended to reflect the design of the city flag, are a nice touch.

Montreal Impact

Montreal exemplifies MLS/Adidas’ fixation on tiny details rather than the impact (sorry) a uniform makes when viewed from more than three feet away, which is where most people watch a game. The new away kit features a tiny silver fleur-de-lis affixed to the back and more woven subtly into the fabric. But overall, it’s just another anonymous all-white uniform that mirrors the existing, plain blue primary set. The tragedy is that Montreal’s gorgeous blue-and-black striped alternate, which would be the only striped kit in MLS, is gathering dust. It should be the club’s primary.

D.C. United

D.C. United calls itself the “Black and Red,” but its uniform palette typically has ignored the latter. That’s been rectified with the club’s new secondary kit, which features a welcome splash of red on the traditional white jersey. The home uniform, which carries over from 2014, still looks unfinished without the white chest stripes that were dropped in 2008. If D.C. could find a way to re-introduce them, perhaps above the sponsor logo and behind the crest, it once again would boast one of the sport’s most distinctive designs.

Real Salt Lake

RSL stubbornly refuses to look great. It took a small step forward with its new secondary uniform, which now features two blue sleeves. It's too bad there isn’t even more of RSL’s beautiful claret, cobalt, and gold color scheme in the kit. The red home set carries over from 2014, making it six seasons since RSL abandoned the claret shirt, cobalt shorts/socks combo it wore when winning its only MLS title. The yellow chest stripe adds a little something extra, but RSL’s preference for an all-red kit similar to others around the league instead of a classy, one-of-a-kind look with championship pedigree is baffling.

Toronto FC

Toronto FC’s new home set could be the reddest uniform in the history of a league that loves red uniforms, which we suppose is noteworthy (guess Adidas insisted on the contrasting three stripes). Club management has focused on building a team capable of ending an eight-year playoff drought, likely leaving little time for kit design. The holdover secondary set is charcoal gray, which features in the TFC logo and is a unique uniform color in MLS. The hooped socks finish off a striking look and make us wish there was a bit more gray in the primary.

New England Revolution

ne-revolution-uniform — Courtesy of Major League Soccer

The Revs are Exhibit A for the effect a second color, even if it comes from something as mundane as a plain pair of shorts, has on a club’s brand. Long a believer in boring, N.E. last year overhauled its home blues with white shorts and hooped socks. It’s a classy yet instantly recognizable look. The image shake-up continued Tuesday with a new secondary kit inspired by the regional flag flown during the American Revolution. The red-and-white set is clunky and geometric, but it’s different, daring and local. Better to take a chance than look dull and anonymous.

Philadelphia Union

The Union got it right in 2010. The inaugural navy kit with the gold center stripe, reflecting the Philadelphia flag, was iconic. The gold-and-blue away set, a reversal of the primary, was one-of-a-kind. The holdover home uniform still looks great, although the sponsor’s logo wrecks the balance. But the new secondary is a disaster, a needless departure from the brand and an 10th all-white MLS kit. Once innovators, the Union are now followers. The “WE ARE ONE” collar slogan, the tiny snake below the neckline and the embossed stars on the front are lost in a sea of white.

Vancouver Whitecaps

The Vancouver Whitecaps new primary uniform is meant to be experienced up close. It’s slogan heavy. “Our All. Our Honour.” appears inside the neck and on the hip. “SINCE 1974” is on the back. The thin, diagonal pinstripes that featured on the previous home kit have been replaced by light blue shading designed to represent Vancouver’s water and mountains. It’s all a bit too subtle. The shirt will look nice with jeans, but in the end, Vancouver’s all-white kit—and the holdover mono-navy secondary—simply blends in.

Portland Timbers

Portland quietly switched crests, from a logo featuring its name to a simpler version focusing on the axe and chevrons (the old logo lives on elsewhere). Few teams wear a badge with no writing, but the Timbers can because they’ve built such a powerful brand. Only they could wear the new home set, a bold green-and-white offering anchored by the chevrons. They're a bit wide, and the yellow below the collar clutters the shirt, but it's impressive overall. The road kit, released in 2014, is everything a good one should be: distinctive, perhaps edgy, yet connected to the club. In this case, Rose City red.

Columbus Crew

The Crew released new home and away sets featuring the club’s revamped logo, a roundel that looks nice enough but makes sense only with a cheat sheet. The explanations (the ‘O’ for Ohio, the founding year, the checkerboard pattern found in flags waived by fans) certainly tie the club to Columbus more than the goofy construction workers did. As the Crew forge ahead, they’ll stay true to their sartorial tradition. The all-yellow primary is simple but elegant, and certainly recognizable. The mono black secondary could use a bit of flourish–why so subtle with the checkers? But it works and shouldn't be needed that often, anyway.

Orlando City SC

Orlando-city-uniform — Courtesy of Major League Soccer

The Lions’ love for purple is welcome in a league featuring so many similar looks. But it didn't result in creative inaugural kits. The home uniform features more up-close details, like “jacquard engineered banding…representing Orlando City’s transition to a new era” and even the club's old USL logo inside. The mono-white secondary has colored hoops on the waist and sleeves and includes more small symbols and slogans. But it’s still just another white set. The answer is obvious—swap the socks. The “Chelsea” look is underrated. White hosiery at home and purple on the road would make all the difference.

New York Red Bulls

The Red Bulls have company in New York so have set out to reinforce their tenuous connection to the market within the constraints of the club’s corporate brand. The only white-red-white team in the league, RBNY now must compete with NYCFC’s pale blue. The Red Bulls’ new home set doubles down on that contrast with red sleeves and “NEW YORK” emblazoned on the shirt’s lower left in a manner “mimicking the iconic New York skyline.” The “EST.1996” on the back collar reminds fans who was there (or nearby) first. The holdover secondary definitely is unique and is great in reasonable doses.

Houston Dynamo

Houston’s club motto is “Forever Orange,” and while that remains the cornerstone of the brand, the Dynamo typically add a wrinkle here and there to ensure we’re not beaten over the head with it. The new home uniform is a great example. The white shorts and checkered fade on the jersey add the right amount of contrast. On occasion, the Dynamo have worn monochrome both home and away. But there’s no need to do so, especially on the road. The balance in the primary kit and the immediately identifiable orange shorts with the secondary set showcase the Dynamo at their best.

Sporting Kansas City

Sporting-kc-uniform — Courtesy of Major League Soccer

From irrelevant to trendsetting, SKC has profited from one of the most successful sports rebrands in recent history. The club now must share light blue with NYCFC, but Sporting still stands out. The new home set is a departure form the bicolor “state line” uniform of 2013-14 and is anchored by a “fashion-forward window pane pattern” that’s almost as preppy as the recent argyle alternate kit. The secondary uniform is stunning. The hoops, which mirror the stripes on the club crest, highlight one of the most eye-catching sets in MLS history. It’ll be tough to see it go after this season.

FC Dallas

FCD’s kits are an example of a good idea, poorly executed. The club made an inspired decision to go with hoops when rebranding in 2005, but the jerseys always let them down. Unnecessary seams, plackets and panels always ruined the shirt. Dallas gave up last year and went with a boring all-red primary. But it stuck with the hoops on the new blue-and-white secondary, where the side panels and sleeves still disrupt the flow. Both blue and white shorts are an option. Our 2016 ideal: a primary jersey with seamless, sleek red and blue hoops. Unique and colorful, but less jarring. Make it happen.

Colorado Rapids

Another club that’s bounced from brand to brand (green-and-white, blue-and-black), the Rapids have settled in nicely with the unique but elegant burgundy-shirt, white-shorts combo. The sleeves, which mirror those worn by sister club Arsenal, add a subtle touch of flair. The new away uniform is a prime example of how a secondary kit can be tasteful and connect to a club’s brand. Last season’s mono blue state-flag set has evolved into a sharp gold-and-blue kit that maintains Colorado's colors and stands out from the crowd. We’re not fans of recolored badges—logos should be sacrosanct—but overall it’s a winner.

Seattle Sounders

The club that brought us rave green, cascade shale, super cyan and electricity has succumbed to the all-white virus. Seattle is one of five MLS clubs to adopt the look this season, ensuring half the league now embraces the white-out copout. The Sounders new away kit is especially devoid of any personality—a surprising choice for a club that has much of it. The new home set features a less cluttered shirt than in seasons past. It’s a template, but it’s a step up. The uniform also features blue shorts and socks for the first time. Here’s hoping we see it as often as possible.

San Jose Earthquakes

"Earthquakes" is an appropriate moniker for a club that’s experienced so much upheaval. While the new Avaya Stadium offers stability, the brand remains in flux. SJ’s '14 overhaul produced a beautiful blue-and-black primary kit that’s already a modern classic. But the logo, awkwardly anchored by “Quakes”—a nickname of a nickname—lacks gravitas. We liked the re-introduction of the NASL-era red, which inspired last year’s away kit. That’s been replaced by a new white secondary set (yes, another one). It lacks the creativity, individuality and ambition that should be associated with a Bay Area club on the rise.

“Around the world, the U.S. is viewed as the premier country doing sports facilities,” he says. “The NFL, MLB, NBA, collegiate buildings, we do buildings better than anywhere in the world. We haven’t done soccer. It just hasn’t been that big.”

And the things that make a U.S. soccer stadium American, the premium seating options, have started exporting overseas.

Whether building an 80,000-seat NFL stadium or a 20,000-seat MLS stadium, Miller says he desires to break up the space into smaller experiences. That can get easier with smaller groups. Take Sporting Park as an example, “designed around experience,” Ficklin says. Opened in 2011 during a complete brand overhaul, the 18,000-seat venue now routinely holds over 19,000 fans per game with standing room only on a bridge over the supporters' section.

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The experiences differ. In the 400-seat field-level club, patrons watch post-game press conferences, queue up with the players in the club as they prepare the procession onto the field and sit directly adjacent to the teams. With 2,000 premium seats, that isn’t the only club or suite space. A cabana-style suite level has proven popular, as a grouping of suites open onto a common area full of food and relational connections.

Inside, Sporting KC spent more cash to ensure all suites had fully operable glass to open the inside suites toward the inside and then again toward the pitch.

While Sporting Park isn’t located in the heart of the city, it does have amenities around it—restaurants and shopping—that allows for a near-urban experience. And an in-stadium pub loaded with local Boulevard beer and local food opens during matches to the 2,086 supporters and after the match to all fans in an effort to create that urban experience.

San Jose also attempted to urbanize a non-urban site with the nation’s longest outdoor bar. Going urban also helps activate the building on non-gamedays with everything from company picnics on the pitch to conferences in suites and club spaces that offer more than the mundane four walls of a downtown hotel.

“It is an amazing thing to have (the stadium) in the heart of downtown,” Portland Timbers president of operations Mike Golub, tells SI.com. “The energy, intimacy and passion comes through.”

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As the league continues to grow, that means more owners, and with more owners comes more experience.

“Maybe they are from overseas, but they bring another level of experience and a different philosophy,” Miller says.

We’ve mainly seen international influence come from the discussion of standing-room only sections, building four distinct stands, stadium canopies and embracing urban sites.

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Orlando’s Brazilian owner Flavio Augusto da Silva saw Sporting KC’s supporters’ section and wanted to do it even bigger, bringing the ideas of his native land into play. Orlando will feature 4,000 seats for supporters, all in one end zone, dubbed The Wall. But calling them seats is a misnomer. Orlando will do safe standing, a full 4,000-capacity section for standing only—railings and cup holders will define the space—that took research from the Bundesliga to help define the safety aspect.

“That is a lot of people,” Miller says of the standing section. “That is creating the energy of the building and modeled after a European (tradition).”

Orlando will also have four distinct stands, purposefully modeled after what is seen in England, but a lower bowl connecting them all for 360-degree movement with premium experiences wrapped in, both truly American expectations, Miller says. And, yes, Orlando will have a canopy.

Minnesota, while still in the concept design and site selection phase, plans for a canopy and architecture that “creates an iconic expression.”

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And as the internationalization of ownership continues, expect the design to follow, especially when it comes to canopies. In America, canopies are thought more of as a roof that extends from a straight wall. “You see a lot of European buildings that are very iconic where the canopy becomes part of the building skin, a fluid exterior to the building,” Miller says. “The building starts to wrap and become curvilinear in form. We haven’t really done a building like that in the U.S. I think you’ll see that coming.”

Miller advocates for building small and creating demand for tickets by increasing experiences instead of seats.

“Spend money more intensely per seat and do fewer of them instead of a bigger building that dilutes the experience,” he says. “It is more intimate. You are closer to the action.”

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Within that, expect to see new premium products emerge with different communal gathering spaces taking shape. “The days of a fixed seat with everybody looking one direction, you will always have that, but that is less of a goal now than it will be in the future,” Miller says. “We continue to see fans wanting more of a social experience around sport.”

That could mean more standing room sections like Orlando will design, flat terraces and indoor-outdoor spaces.

Then there’s the need to touch all the senses. The technology will continue to wow with exploding video for the sights and sounds, the social aspect of new gathering spaces give a new touch sensation and even smell and taste will continue to grow with the evolution of the local food experience.

We’ve seen this start to come to life already. We’ll see more of it in Orlando. Then D.C., Minnesota and most likely Miami. The second wave of American soccer-specific stadiums is here.

Tim Newcomb covers stadiums, sneakers and design for Sports Illustrated. Follow him on Twitter at @tdnewcomb.